Institutions / Organizations

• The NIH Office of Human Subjects Research(U.S.)
• European Network of Research Ethics Committees
• Public Responsibility in Medicine & Research
• Office of Research Integrity, Dept. of Health and Human Services (U.S.)
• Alliance for Human Research Protection
• World Health Organization (WHO): Ethics & Health
• UNESCO: Ethics of Science & Technology

Key Documents

• Declaration of Helsinki
• The Nuremberg Code
• The “Common Rule” (U.S.)
• Belmont Report (U.S.)

• International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects (CIOMS)
• Basic HHS Policy for Protection of Human Research Subjects (U.S.)

• Operational guidelines for ethics committees that review biomedical research (WHO)

Articles

• “Placebos: Deceptive benefits” (Jeffrey P. Kahn,CNN: Ethics Matters, November 27, 2000)
• “A University Wide Model for the Ethical Review of Human Subjects Research” (Bryn Williams-Jones & Soren Holm, Research Ethics Review,2005, Vol 1, No 2, 39–44)
• “Higher Standards for Privately Funded Health Research” (Chris MacDonald, Canadian Bioethics Society Newsletter, Vol. 9, No. 1, February 2004)
• “Sugar Pills vs Medicine: The Ethics Behind Placebo-Controlled Trials” (Chris MacDonald,Parkhurst Exchange, January 2002)